Publications

This groundbreaking research identifies the mechanism by which the E4 peptide reverses fibrosis across multiple organs. The peptide activates the urokinase pathway by binding to enolase, offering a platform approach to treating fibrosis in different organ systems simultaneously.

This study reveals that lysyl oxidase (LOX) "moonlights" by playing multiple roles in fibrosis development beyond its known function in crosslinking connective tissue. LOX also stimulates excess connective tissue production and increases inflammatory molecules. Importantly, LOX shows promise as a biomarker for monitoring patient response to antifibrotic therapies.

This landmark study identified the E4 peptide with potent antifibrotic activity. E4 prevented and reversed fibrosis in human and mouse tissues both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating effectiveness in treating TGF-β-induced and bleomycin-induced fibrosis in skin and lungs. The peptide reduced lysyl oxidase levels and showed promise as a therapeutic agent for organ fibrosis.